Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. Due to hormonal changes, it most often affects teenagers, but can occur at any age. Acne typically appears on the face, chest, back, and shoulders.
- Non-inflammatory Acne:
- Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): Pores clogged with oil and dead skin that remain closed under the skin.
- Blackheads (Open Comedones): Pores clogged with oil and dead skin that are open and appear black due to oxidation.
- Inflammatory Acne:
- Papules: Small red, tender bumps.
- Pustules: Pimples containing pus; red at the base with a white or yellow top.
- Nodules: Large, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin.
- Cysts: Deep, pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring.
- Topical Treatments (for mild to moderate acne):
- Benzoyl Peroxide: Reduces bacteria and helps remove dead skin.
- Salicylic Acid: Helps unclog pores and exfoliate the skin.
- Retinoids (e.g., Adapalene, Tretinoin): Promote cell turnover and prevent clogged pores.
- Azelaic Acid: Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Topical Antibiotics (e.g., Clindamycin, Erythromycin): Reduce inflammation and bacteria.
- Oral Medications (for moderate to severe acne):
- Antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline, Minocycline): Fight bacteria and reduce inflammation.
- Hormonal Therapy (for females):
- Oral contraceptives (e.g., those containing estrogen and progestin)
- Spironolactone (anti-androgen)
- Isotretinoin: A powerful sebosuppressive, comedolytic, anti-inflammatory agent.
- Procedures:
- Chemical Peels: Use acids to exfoliate and treat acne.
- Laser and Light Therapy: Reduce bacteria and inflammation.
- Drainage and Extraction: For large cysts or nodules.
- Microneedling or Laser Resurfacing: Helps with acne scars.
Lifestyle and Home Care Tips:
- Wash face twice daily with a gentle cleanser.
- Avoid scrubbing the skin harshly.
- Use non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) skin care and makeup products.
- Do not pick or squeeze pimples (can lead to scarring).
- Maintain a healthy diet; limit high-glycemic and dairy-rich foods if they worsen acne.